Compendium of Financial Models

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Leverage Buy Out (LBO) Model

Operating Model

13-Week Cash Flow Model

Financial Statement Modelling (Three-Statement)

Intrinsic Valuation - DCF

Debt Waterfall Modelling Equity Modelling

Scenario and Sensitivity Modelling

M&A Modeling

Scenario and Sensitivity Modelling: A critical technique used to assess risk. Scenario analysis tests a few specific outcomes (e.g., best-case, base-case, worst-case), while sensitivity analysis examines the impact of a single variable change on the model’s key output.

SAAS or Growth Modelling

What You’ll Learn

  • Overview of a SaaS and other recurring revenue operating model
  • Understanding and evaluating common recurring revenue constructs
  • SaaS Metrics: TCV and ACV Bookings vs. billings
  • Recurring revenue metrics: ARR, MRR vs. revenue vs. deferred revenue
  • Churn; net revenue retention, gross vs. net adds
  • Performing a Cohort Analysis
  • Understanding and evaluating SaaS gross margin
  • LTV/CAC and Unit Economics: Estimating Customer Lifetime Value, Customer Acquisition Cost
  • Implications of the cohort analysis and LTV/CAC work and SaaS industry benchmarks
  • Data analysis: Locating/aggregating the necessary data

References:

  1. Under 699:
    1. https://www.wallstreetprep.com/seminar/13-week-cash-flow-modeling/
  2. Under 499:
    1. https://www.wallstreetprep.com/self-study-programs/financial-planning-and-analysis-modeling-certification/
  3. Under 399:
    1. https://www.wallstreetprep.com/self-study-programs/13-week-cash-flow-model/
    2. https://www.wallstreetprep.com/self-study-programs/private-equity-masterclass/
    3. https://www.wallstreetprep.com/seminar/dcf-modeling/

Modelling Syllabus:

Financial Statement Modeling

Review key Excel skills for financial modeling

  • Basic Excel techniques and keyboard shortcuts
  • The most accurate way to perform Excel’s basic functions without the mouse
  • Customize Excel’s default settings for effective modeling

Learn to format and structure financial models to limit errors and simplify auditing

  • Standard modeling structures and formulas
  • Best practices in modeling
  • Learn the correct way to check models for errors, accuracy and integrity
  • Check and fix circular reference and iteration problems (#REF)
  • Tools for formula checking and auditing

Learn how to present financial statement model

  • Create a ratios page
  • Prepare a model for distribution
  • Learn summary and sensitivity analysis using data tables

Financial statement model development

  • Learn to build projection drivers
  • Learn to integrate assumptions into financial models – learn what makes a good assumption
  • Build core statements:
    • Cash flow statement
    • Balance sheet
    • Income statement
  • Build supporting schedules:
    • Debt schedule
    • Working capital
    • Interest schedule
    • Retained earnings
    • PP&E analysis
  • Understand the interconnectivity of the core financial statements and learn how the cash flow statement, income statement, and balance sheet are linked.
  • Learn to apply automatic “balance checks”
  • Understand treatment of non-recurring charges and  tax implications on financial models
  • Understand implications of new FASB regulations on financial models used by investment banks and other financial institutions.

DCF Modeling

Valuation methodologies deconstructed

  • Learn market-based valuation, including comparable company analysis and comparable transaction analysis using appropriate equity and enterprise value multiples (PE, EV/EBITDA, etc.)
  • Intrinsic valuation, including DCF and LBO (floor) valuation
  • Presentation of valuation results using sensitivity analysis and data tables

Enterprise value relationships

  • Participants learn to identify and analyze the elements of the financial statement that are key to the value of an enterprise, including:
    • Market capitalization
    • Enterprise value
    • Options
    • Preferred stock
    • Minority interests
    • Debt
    • Cash and marketable securities
    • Treasury Stock Method of Calculating Diluted Shares Outstanding

Calculate free cash flows using the unlevered valuation approach

  • Use previously built model to derive unlevered earnings and unlevered free cash flow
  • Handle working capital items, deferred taxes and long-term accruals 

Discount the cash flows

  • Learn how to derive a discount rate by deriving the cost of debt and the cost of equity
  • Derive the cost of capital using CAPM
  • Select the correct discount rates

Calculate the value

  • Estimating terminal value
  • Calculating enterprise value
  • Using the enterprise value to determine implied share prices

Sensitivity analysis

  • Analyze key input assumptions at various sensitivities

M&A Modeling

Building a robust merger model

  • Setting up a control area for assumptions
  • Inputting deal assumptions (% cash vs. stock considerations, purchase premium, asset write-ups, advisory fees, financing fees, and severance fees)
  • Calculating shares outstanding using the treasury stock method
  • Appropriate treatment of convertible securities
  • Allocating purchase price and calculating goodwill
  • Preparing the pushed-down balance sheet
  • Making pro forma balance sheet adjustments
  • Calculating sources & uses of funds
  • Inputting operating & synergy projections
  • Calculating the stub year period
  • Building a pro forma income statement and making appropriate deal-related adjustments to arrive at accretion/dilution per share
  • Error-checking a merger model and inserting circuit breaker switches where appropriate
  • Sensitivity analysis: EPS accretion/dilution in stock vs. cash deal; interest rate assumptions, premium paid
  • Pre-tax synergies required to break-even, and break-even PE analysis
  • Revenue, EBITDA, and Net Income contribution analysis

Advanced merger accounting

  • Understanding the differences between asset sales (including 338h10 elections) and stock sales
  • Taxation issues, including deferred taxes created by the step-up of asset values
  • Legal considerations in acquisitions

13-week cashf flow modelling

Morning

Introduction to financial restructuring

  • Bankruptcy overview
  • Imputing asset values and measuring insolvency from market pricing of debt and equity
  • The importance and limitation of valuation methodologies like DCF and Comps in restructuring
  • Out of court restructuring process
  • In court restructuring process

Begin to Model the TWCF

  • Importance and Role of TWCF in restructuring
  • Modeling a Basic 13 Week Cash Flow
  • Modeling Receipts and Operating Disbursements
  • Building the Working Capital Rollforwards
Afternoon

Continue Modeling the TWCF

  • Modeling Non-Operating Disbursements
  • Modeling the Borrowing Base Revolver
  • Cash flow to EBITDA Reconciliation
  • Updating a TWCF for new weeks
  • Modeling Best Practices - Quarterly to Monthly, Monthly to Weekly
  • Sensitizing model assumptions and Impact on TWCF Output
Online

Pre-Seminar Excel Training

This boot camp assumes proficiency in Excel. Enrollment includes access to our popular Excel Crash Course for those who need an Excel refresher.

Equity Research Modeling & Analysis

What You’ll Learn

  • Learn how to approach earnings releases and quarterly model updates.

  • Gain practice in analyzing earnings reports and normalizing them to arrive at adjusted EBITDA.

  • Learn how to adjust quarterly models and “wrap” quarterly into annual forecasts while handling reconciliation challenges.

  • Research considerations

    • Types of reports research professionals develop
    • Typical research workflow around earnings releases and quarterly model updates
  • Research process

    • Formulating of investment thesis
    • Developing research best practices
  • Quarterly model considerations

    • Hands-on creation of a quarterly, sell-side equity research model
    • “Wrapping” quarterly into annual forecasts and handling reconciliation challenges
  • Analysis of earnings reports

    • Moving from extraction of key financial metrics to the normalization of financial metrics and adjusted EBITDA
    • Reading earnings releases for changing language and interpreting what these changes may mean for the future of a company
  • Profits aren’t enough - servicing capital providers

  • Future value, Present value and Net present value

  • Internal rate of return, Yield and Total shareholder return

  • Valuation, Market and Book values

  • Growing and Safeguarding stakeholder value __

Course curriculum

Learn to create financial forecasts through modeling and analysis as you work through the weekly modules of this online short course.

Orientation module: Welcome to your Online Campus

Module 1: Using financial modeling effectively

Module 2: Accounting statements

Module 3: Building the three statement model

Module 4: Forecasting the three statement model

Module 5: Sensitivity and scenario analysis

Module 6: Modeling different types of businesses

Module 7: Using financial models for decision making in business

Module 8: Using financial models for valuation

Free Cash Flow Modelling What you’ll learn Identify Free Cash Flow from Accounting Data Recognize how to compare Free Cash Flow to Net Income Recognize the Drivers of Free Cash Flow Identify the steps to calculate Cost of Capital Identify the steps to use Free Cash Flow for Capital Budgeting Decisions Recognize the relationship between Free Cash Flow and Economic Value Added Value Acquisitions using Free Cash Flow Recognize how to develop a Free Cash Flow approach to Incentive Compensation

Advance Reference:

  1. Building a three-statement model - FMWC 2025 Round 1
  2. Building a Real Estate model - and testing some new automations - Diarmuid Early\
  3. Modelling a Leveraged Buyout (LBO) with management roll-over
  4. Debt modeling 101 - how to model mortgages, loans, and bonds in Excel
  5. Scenario modeling a PE investment portfolio
  6. Custom Functions
  7. Basic VC / cap table modeling
  8. Could you have done this in college? FMWC University Challenge
  9. FMI warm up part 1 - Model setup, revenue, costs, capex and depreciation
  10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=881UIM47sws